考點:①猜測某個詞、詞組、句子的意義②對文中的多義詞或詞組進行定義③判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。常見命題形式有:
1.The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
2.The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
3.The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.
4.The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?
5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…”?
解答技巧:1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course等等)表示前因后果。例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;
二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。
通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;
二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識判斷生詞詞義。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意義,故為“不太可能”之意。)
4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。
這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。
從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。